negative verb forms: auxiliary + not We make negative verb forms by putting not after an auxiliary verb. We have not forgotten you. It was not...

9 indirect questions Whether and if can both introduce indirect questions. I’m not sure whether/if I’ll have time. I asked whether/if she...

Thinking about the past and present together We use the present perfect if we are thinking about the past and present together. We do not use the...

1 ‘participles and ‘gerunds’ We can use -ing forms (e.g. smoking, walking) not only as verbs, but also like adjectives or nouns...

This form is also called ‘past simple’. forms (regular verbs) Affirmative Question Negative I worked did I work? I did not work you worked did you...

main clause: I’ve known her since … In sentences with since (referring to time), we normally use present perfect and past perfect...

1 modifiers: any different etc Different is a little like a comparative: unlike most adjectives, it can be modified by any and no, (a) little and...

non-progressive verbs Some verbs are not used in progressive forms (see progressive 2: non-progressive verbs), even if the meaning is one for...

how long? present perfectWe use a present perfect to say how long a situation or action has continued up to now. Compare:It’s raining again.It’s...