present perfect (3): perfect or past (advanced points)
causes and origins: Who gave you that?We normally use the present perfect when we are thinking about past events together with their present...
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abbreviations and acronyms
1 punctuation We usually write abbreviations without full stops in modem British English. Full stops (AmE ‘periods’) are normal in American...
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above and over
1 ‘higher than’: above or over Above and over can both mean ‘higher than’. Above is more common with this meaning.The water came up...
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discourse markers
Discourse means ‘pieces of language longer than a sentence’. Some words and expressions are used to show how discourse is constructed. They can...
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present perfect (5): simple or progressive?
non-progressive verbsSome verbs are not used in progressive forms (see progressive 2: non-progressive verbs), even if the meaning is one for which...
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