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Vocabulary

After all

1 two meanings “After all” can mean ‘in spite of what was said before’ or ‘contrary to what was expected’. Position: usually at the end of a clause. I’m sorry. I know I said I would help you, but I can’t after all. I expected to fail the exam, but I passed after all. Another […]

actual(ly)

1- Meaning and Use Actual means ‘real’; actually means ‘really’ or ‘in fact’. They are used to make things clearer, more precise or more definite.  It’s over 100 kilos. Let me look. Yes, the actual weight is 108 kilos. I’ve got a new job. Actually, they’ve made me the sales manager. They often introduce surprising […]

active verb forms

1- future, present, and past; simple, progressive and perfect English verbs can refer to future, present or past time, and for each kind of time, there are three possibilities with most verbs: simple, progressive (be + -ing) and perfect (have + past participle) simple present: I start present progressive: I am starting present perfect: I […]

across, over and through

on/to the other side of (line): across and overAcross and over can both be used to mean ‘on or to the other side of a line, river, road, bridge, etc’.His village is just across/over the border.See if you can jump across/over the stream. high things: over preferredWe prefer over to say ‘on/to the other side […]

according to

According to X means ‘in X’s opinion’, ‘if what X says is true’.According to Harry, it’s a good film.The train gets in at 8, according to the timetable. We do not usually give our own opinions with “according to”. Compare: According to Ann, her boyfriend is brilliant. (= If what Ann says is true, …)In […]

accept and agree

Before an infinitive, we usually use agree, not accept.I agreed to meet them here. (More normal than I accepted to meet…) For more information consult a good dictionary like Langman, Oxford, Merriam Webster, or Collins.

above and over

1 ‘higher than’: above or over Above and over can both mean ‘higher than’. Above is more common with this meaning.The water came up above/over our knees.Can you see the helicopter above/over the palace? 2 ‘not directly over’: above We use above when one thing is not directly over another.We’ve got a little house above […]

about to

About + infinitive (with to) means ‘going to very soon’; ‘just going to’.Don’t go out now – we’re about to have lunch.I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.Not about tocan mean ‘unwilling to’.I’m not about to pay 100 dollars for that dress.about to• see adverb position 5: emphasizing adverbs For more […]

about and on

Compare: a book for children about Africa and its people./a textbook on African history. a conversation about money./a lecture on economics. We use “about” to talk about ordinary, more general kinds of communication. “On” suggests that a book, talk, etc is more serious, suitable for specialists.

be able

We use “able” especially in the structure be able + infinitive. This often has the same meaning as can. There is a negative form unable. Some people are able to / can walk on their hands. I am unable to / can’t understand what she wants. “Can” is preferred in the sense of ‘know how […]